![]() A small opening corresponds to a larger f-stop number, so using “small” can be confusing. Small aperture: Generally best not to use, because it’s unclear if you are referring to the opening itself or the actual f-stop (number to set the aperture).Wide aperture: An aperture with a large opening.Narrow aperture: An aperture with a small opening.Stopping up means decreasing the f-stop number, which increases the size of the opening.Īlso, be on the lookout for these terms in your aperture-knowledge quest:.Stopping down means increasing the f-stop number, which decreases the size of the opening.There is also the terminology of stopping up and down. Just put a 1 on top of the f-stop, and then the smaller fractions (such as 1/22 or 1/16) will correspond with the smaller openings (and vice versa). Technically, the f-number of an aperture is a fraction, so the relationship makes sense when you think of them this way. For example, f/22 is narrower than f/7.1. The higher the f-stop number, the narrower the actual opening is.The lower the f-stop number, the wider the actual opening is.Remember, f-stops are the scale that we use to make an aperture wider or narrower. Image by 01syhr and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.īefore we get into a detailed explanation of how to use aperture in photography, it’s important to clear up a few confusing (and often misunderstood) terms that relate to aperture.įirst of all, the thing that trips everyone up when first learning about aperture is the seemingly-inverse relationship between f-stops and the actual size of the opening. ![]() The pupil is the aperture of the eye, moderating the amount of light entering your eye by automatically changing its size in response to light levels. In photography, bright environments usually call for smaller apertures to get a correct exposure. In bright scenarios, our pupils are usually small, letting in a smaller amount of light than when it is dark in the environment. A pupil is to a human eye what an aperture is to a camera lens. That’s not exactly how it works, but you can think of your pupils dilating as a similar process to opening and closing the aperture in your lens. Have you ever been to the eye doctor and gotten your eyes dilated? You probably got some cool shades to put on after that because your eyes were essentially stuck at “wide apertures” and everything appeared bright. Depth of field is the distance between the nearest and furthest objects in an image that appear in focus. This opening affects both the exposure and depth of field of an image, and we set the size of the opening using numbers called f-stops. Here is a sequence of photos of the same scene and subject captured at apertures ranging from f/1.4 to f/16 - notice how shallow the depth of field is at low f-stops (as seen in the blurry background) and how deep it is at high f-numbers (as seen in sharper background objects).Ī quick recap of what we’ve covered so far: Aperture is an opening in a lens that can change in size. When talking about aperture, blurry effects in a foreground or background are usually referred to using the term “ bokeh”. Wider apertures produce a shallower depth of field than narrower apertures, meaning that a wider aperture can produce an image with a more blurry background (or foreground) than a narrow aperture. The second variable is harder to understand but makes sense when you see it in action.ĭepth of field is the distance between the nearest and furthest objects in an image that appears in focus.Įssentially, depth of field describes how much of a scene could theoretically be in focus. While ISO affects noise/grain and shutter speed affects motion blur and camera shake, aperture is what affects the depth of field. While all three components of the triangle can be adjusted for equivalent exposure values, each one has a different effect on the resulting image. ![]() The exposure triangle, a popular visual representation of the relationship between three main components of exposure. Aperture, along with shutter speed and ISO, is one of the three components of the exposure triangle, which is often used to teach the basics of exposure in photography.
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